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Investigation of microbial community associated with mediastinitis by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing

Ajay Kumar Mishra, Pierre-Edouard Fournier

Here, we document the case of mediastinitis in an adult individual, developed upon contiguous spread of oesophageal infection. Our findings are noteworthy, because the presence of Prevotella oris , P. veroralis , Dialister pneumosintes , Klebsiella pneumoniae in tissue sample from mediastinum cannot be identified by standard culturing and Gram-staining. Importantly, however, 16S rDNA sequencing did lead to an unambiguous diagnosis and guided successful antimicrobial therapy.