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Nanoporous, nanotubular and nanosponge-like titania coatings enhanced with adipose-derived stem cells - Preliminary in vitro studies

Michalina Ehlert

Recent efforts in the field of implantology have highlighted the significance of modifying implant surface topography and biomaterial composition to improve their biocompatibility. Titanium and its alloys are commonly used as biomaterials for orthopedic, dental or neurosurgical applications. Even though titanium based implants are typically expected to last ten years or more, their longevity is not assured and the lack of integration into the bone for long-term survival often occurs and leads to implant failure. Therefore, a planned modification of the surface of the alloys is strived to obtain a highly biocompatible coating with a strictly defined structure and architecture. The goal of the presented study was to optimize the production of titania-based biomaterials with high porosity and defined nanostructure, which supports the cell viability and growth. We assessed the bioactivity of amorphous titania coatings of different nanoarchitectures (Nano porous, nanotubular and Nano sponge-like) (TNTs), produced on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy by electrochemical oxidation. Samples were structurally and morphologically analyzed. They were also characterized in terms of wettability and mechanical properties. In-vitro biological research has been carried out of modified titanium alloy surfaces, aimed at assessing their ability to communicate with adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) and affect their activity. In parallel, proliferation of bone tissue cells - human osteoblasts MG-63 and connective tissue cells - mouse fibroblasts L929, as well as cell viability in cocultures (osteoblasts/ADSCs and fibroblasts/ADSCs) has been studied. The cell proliferation was studied using the MTT assay. The results of our experiments proved that the Nano porous surface is favorable for ADSC, which produced huge amounts of extracellular matrix when they were cultured on the scaffolds alone or co-cultured with MG-63 osteoblasts. The number of osteoblasts seeded and cultured with ADSCs on TNT5 surface after 72h culture almost doubled when compared with unmodified scaffold and rose by 30% when compared with MG-63 cells growing alone.