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Neuro-ophthalmology: A comprehensive guide to diagnosis and management

Paul Devin

Neuro-ophthalmology is a subspecialty of both neurology and ophthalmology that focuses on the relationship between the eye and the brain, specifically the optic nerve and the visual pathways. A comprehensive guide to diagnosis and management of neuro-ophthalmologic conditions would be extensive, but I will provide a general overview of the field. Diagnosis of neuro-ophthalmologic conditions typically begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Special attention is given to the visual system, including visual acuity, visual fields, and eye movements. Additional testing, such as imaging studies (e.g., MRI or CT scan) and electrophysiological testing (e.g., electroretinography or visual evoked potentials) may also be needed. The management of neuroophthalmologic conditions depends on the underlying cause. Treatment may include medication, surgery, or a combination of both. Some conditions may also require monitoring and surveillance to prevent complications.