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Orthopaedics-2021 “Rheumatoid arthritis activity and severity in relation to commonly used contraceptive methods in a cohort”

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is electrochemical corrosion during which living organisms (both micro- and macro-) affect the severity and rate of corrosion. Annual loss of industries caused by MIC is billions of dollars. The main difference between MIC and other electrochemical corrosion processes (e.g. corrosion under insulation-CUI) is that the involvement of living organisms. In analyzing MIC, various electrochemical methods are being applied, from simple OCP measurement to polarization and electrochemical noise analysis. While the utilization of those methods in electrochemical research is sort of frequent, MIC research is an exception. Not all of these methods are applicable to MIC studies; some of them are highly likely to affect corrosion-related bacteria (CRB) adversely so that the results cannot be relied upon. In this presentation, after a quick review of economical importance of MIC and its most updated definition, we'll consider the variability of CRB (contrary to what some researchers may think that MIC is merely associated with a specific class of CRB like sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB)) and later list the foremost applied electrochemical methods for investigation with their pros and cons when applied to MIC research. Microbiologically-influenced corrosion (MIC) is one among the best mysteries of corrosion science and engineering, thanks to the complexities resulting from the involvement of living things like bacteria. Bacteria aren't only ready to affect our health, but also are capable of impacting upon lifestyle through a good range of commercial sectors and therefore the economy. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: An Engineering Insight introduces a replacement approach to the fundamentals of MIC and explains the way to recognize, understand, mitigate and/or prevent this sort of corrosion. Topics explored include stress corrosion cracking and microbial corrosion, the pros and cons of biocides, the involvement of magnetic bacteria in microbial corrosion, and a replacement interpretation of cathodic protection based on recent research in microbial environments. The material covered by Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: An Engineering Insight are going to

 

be of benefit to professional and consultant engineers in power generating, oil and gas, marine, and mining industries; as well on researchers within the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science, corrosion and engineering.

Almost all the time, what happens in real life is that the system of concern has already been contaminated and the outstanding question is no longer how to prevent, but rather, how to estimate the severity and extent of MIC. The distinction between “recognition” and “detection” of MIC has been introduced here to separate those methods that use microbiological means to assess MIC from people who don't. Therefore, our convention here is that the “recognition methods” don't use biology, but other methods and technologies to affect the “criminal scene investigation” of what the bacteria have done. The “detection methods”, on the opposite hand, are mainly focused on the appliance and implementation of biological techniques by making use of the features of the bacteria. This chapter explains some of these methods with a brief on some of their pros and cons. The importance of bio corrosion and its possible mechanisms were discussed. We also looked at some crucial factors that could increase the likelihood of MIC in a given system. The particular focus of the chapter was the avoidance of microbial corrosion. However, almost all the time, what happens in real life is that the system of concern has already been contaminated and the outstanding question is no longer how to prevent, but rather the way to estimate the severity and extent of MIC. For instance, while for SRB-induced MIC, some investigators believe that no relationship exists between the corrosion rate and the number of the bacteria cells , the number of acid-producing bacteria in a system has a profound effect on the corrosion rate.