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Pathologic correlation of tracheobronchial tumors

Bingzhi Liyan

The trachea amplifies from the lower border of the larynx, at 2 cm underneath the level of the vocal ropes, to the carina. The normal length of the trachea ranges 10 to 12 cm. The ordinary point of tracheal bifurcation at the carina is 70+/−20 degrees. The trachea is composed of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, cartilage, and muscle. The cartilaginous layer comprises of 18 to 22 deficient crescent rings of cartilage associated by annular tendons of fibro-connective tissue anteriorly and along the side. The back divider comprises of the trachealis muscle and sinewy connective tissue with a normal divider thickness of 1-3 mm. The ordinary transverse inner distance across of the trachea is 15 to 25 mm in guys and 10 to 21 mm in females. More distally within the tracheobronchial tree, bronchi are separated from bronchioles by the nearness of cartilage in bronchial dividers. Blood to the trachea is provided through the second rate thyroid, bronchial, and intercostal supply routes.