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Prevalence and risk factors of neonatal pneumonia in China: A longitudinal clinical study

Lihong Yang, Ying Zhang, Xuehui Yu, Man Luo

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of neonatal pneumonia in China, and to identify the associated risk of developing neonatal pneumonia.

Subject and Method: In this longitudinal clinical study, we identified a total of the 953 medical records of neonatal who were admitted at Medical college of ChiFeng University, China between March 2010 to 2017. Parents of each neonate patient were instructed to complete questionnaire about the symptoms associated with pneumonia. Potential risk factors were assessed using a hospital record of all childbirths occurred between March 2010 to 2017.

Results: Medical records of 953 neonate (male: 553, female: 400) with mean (SD) age of 2.4 (1.2) days who were admitted during March 2010 to 2017 were studied. Incidence of pneumonia among neonates was found to be 14%. Our statistical analysis results showed that weight at the time of birth (p=0.032), poor prenatal care (p=0.02), C-section surgery and delivery (p=0.02), home delivery of baby at home (p<0.05), delivery of baby by unexperienced peoples (p<0.05), new-born resurgence (p<0.05), fever at birth (p<0.05), gynaecological problem during pregnancy (p<0.005), vulgar sensing fluid (p<0.05), extended break of tissue (p<0.005), sustained labour (p=0.023) were meaningfully related to pneumonia.

Conclusion: In China, a total of 14% of neonates had experienced pneumonia. Among identified risk factors, the multivariate regression analysis suggested that inadequate poor prenatal care, home delivery of baby at home, fever at birth, and gynaecological problem during pregnancy, sustained labor period were found as noteworthy risk factors of neonatal pneumonia among Chinese patients.