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Renin–angiotensin system in the physiopathology of chronic diseases

Filippatos Krum

The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a complex regulatory pathway that plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. Activation of the RAS can promote vasoconstriction, inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress, leading to vascular dysfunction and end-organ damage. Therefore, targeting the RAS has become a cornerstone of the management of these chronic diseases, with drugs such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), and aldosterone antagonists widely used in clinical practice.