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Reverse genetics of rotaviruses: A method for better understanding virus biology.

Richmond Marsha

Rotaviruses (RVs) are one of the most common causes of viral gastroenteritis in newborns and young children around the world. The lack of an adequate reverse genetics (RG) technology to make recombinant rotaviruses and examine the precise roles of viral proteins in the setting of RV infection has hampered studies on rotavirus biology until recently. Recently, a fully traceable plasmid-only RG system for rescuing recombinant rotaviruses was devised, resulting in a major milestone in the RV sector. Since then, the reproducibility and advancements in this technology have permitted the creation of many recombinant rotaviruses with various gene segment changes, allowing for the manipulation of viral genes to characterise the specific roles of viral proteins during the RV replication cycle alternatively, foreign proteins can be encoded for a variety of functions. Through direct editing of the viral genome, reverse genetics (RG) technology allows researchers to examine rotavirus gene structure and function. Several facets and critical concerns of virus biology can be addressed and resolved, ranging from infection to replication, assembly, contrast to cellular immunity, and so on. RG systems have been successfully established for most RNA viruses, including segmented viruses, and have led to the discovery of new activities of viral proteins as well as the production of next generation vaccines.