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Smart bioactive compounds: Their synthesis and potential application in biodiesel oxidation stability enhancement

Anuchaya Devi

Renewable fuels are one of the technical concerns that has gained in popularity as a result of its environmental advantages. Biodiesel deserves special attention in this regard because of its biodegradability and reduced pollutant emissions as compared to petroleum diesel. The main issue with biodiesel is that it has a low oxidation stability, which makes it difficult to store and inappropriate for engines. The peroxide value of biodiesel increases initially, then decreases as main products breakdown to create secondary products during oxidation. Increases in peroxide value can lead to an increase in cetane number, which lowers ignition delay and can cause a variety of engine issues. Antioxidants are used to block or slow down the oxidation process by inhibiting the start and propagation of free radicals, which reduces the formation of secondary degradation chemicals. Because synthetic antioxidants include phenolic components, they are added to biodiesel to prevent the production of radicals. Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and propyl gallate (PG) are widely utilised in biodiesel. Because of these unfavourable qualities, renewable antioxidant sources containing phenolic compounds are preferable to synthetic antioxidants. Synthetic antioxidants are generated from non-renewable sources and have carcinogenic health constraints for live creatures immediately exposed to them. In this context, bioactive chemicals such as polyphenols, which are found in a variety of natural plant-based materials and play a critical role in lipid oxidation protection, are extremely essential components. Ginger extract includes phenolic chemicals such as gingerol and shoagol, both of which are potent anti-radical agents. During the Rancimat oxidation stability test, ginger extract provided more protection for biodiesel. Because more antioxidant components are present in a larger percentage of additional nature-based robust ginger extracts, the oxidation stability is improved.

Marine habitats provide a wide range of ecological services that benefit society. Supporting services (primary production and nutrient cycling), provisioning services (such as food), and cultural services, such as tourism, are the most common. Marine biotechnology, in which marine organisms and their compounds are identified, extracted, isolated, characterised, and used for applications in various sectors to benefit society, ranging from food/feed to pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, has been made possible by recent advances in science and technology. Temperature, light intensity, salinity, and pressure are only a few of the physical, chemical, and hydrological factors that affect life in marine settings. Marine creatures have adapted to these varying conditions by creating a wide range of shapes, functions, and tactics that are critical for survival, adaptation, and thriving in the various ecosystems.