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Nutrition modifications of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes.

Bernadine Ruiza G. Ang

The human gut microbiome is composed of 100 trillion microorganisms that create complex foreign to local interactions. Current research suggests variability of microbes relevant to type of subject (i.e. humans, mice), gravity of disease, age, glucose intake or weight of subjects. The goal of this review is to determine the role of nutrition in human gut microbiota of type 2 diabetics, determining the causative, preventative and correlative role of microbe-host interaction in type 2 diabetes and seeking interventions to prevent toxic formation of microbes. Sufficient data will be closely examined, including research methodologies studies, advanced techniques utilized in the interface between human gut microbiome and diabetes. Nutritional intake accounts for 57% in the alteration of intestinal integrity and diabetes development while genetics only accounts for 12%. Therefore, scrutinizing dietary behavior is crucial in determining the formation of diverse microbiome. According to studies present, we conclude that probiotics are immensely correlated with preventing T2D. Carbohydrates had dual role, positive and negative in modulating inflammatory processes that cause T2D. Complex Carbohydrates positively modulated T2D through short chain fatty acids. High fatty acids such as omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines which inhibit T2D. Protein rich diets decreased proinflammatory pathways depending on amino acids like glutamate. Symbiotic microorganisms in the gut are modulated by dietary compounds, minimizing and further eradicating the proliferation of pathogenic microbial population.